Etiology/pathy
Decrease in blood volume, immature blood cells
bleeding from serious cuts or wounds
bleeding from blunt traumatic injuries due to accidents
internal bleeding from abdominal organs or ruptured ectopic pregnancy
bleeding from the digestive tract
significant vaginal bleeding
excessive or prolonged diarrhea
severe burns
protracted and excessive vomiting
excessive sweating
S&S/Diagnosis
headache
fatigue
nausea
profuse sweating
dizziness
cold or clammy skin
pale skin
rapid, shallow breathing
rapid heart rate
little or no urine output
confusion
weakness
weak pulse
blue lips and fingernails
lightheadedness
loss of consciousness
abdominal pain
blood in the stool
black, tarry stool (melena)
blood in the urine
vomiting blood
chest pain
abdominal swelling
blood testing to check for electrolyte imbalances, kidney, and liver function
CT scan or ultrasound to visualize body organs
echocardiogram, an ultrasound of the heart
electrocardiogram to assess heart rhythm
endoscopy to examine the esophagus and other gastrointestinal organs
right heart catheterization to check how effectively the heart is pumping
urinary catheter to measure the amount of urine in the bladder
Medical treatment
blood plasma transfusion
platelet transfusion
red blood cell transfusion
intravenous crystalloids
dopamine
dobutamine
epinephrine
norepinephrine
nursing
o2 sats, monitor for rash, temp, back pain, kidneys, monitor I&O, CBC Assess Vitals.
Shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
The journal of manual & manipulative therapy n volume 17 n number 3 [e81] systematic review of efficacy for manual lymphatic drainage techniques in. What’s even more concerning is that only a small percentage of health care practitioners ever discuss lymph health. Manual Lymphatic Drainage.